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@techreport{NBERw22803,
 title = "E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India",
 author = "Banerjee, Abhijit and Duflo, Esther and Imbert, Clement and Mathew, Santhosh and Pande, Rohini",
 institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research",
 type = "Working Paper",
 series = "Working Paper Series",
 number = "22803",
 year = "2016",
 month = "November",
 doi = {10.3386/w22803},
 URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w22803",
 abstract = {In collaboration with the Government of Bihar, India, we conducted a large-scale experiment to evaluate whether transparency in fiscal transfer systems can increase accountability and reduce corruption in the implementation of a workfare program. The reforms introduced electronic fund-flow, cut out administrative tiers, and switched the basis of transfer amounts from forecasts to documented expenditures. Treatment reduced leakages along three measures: expenditures and hours claimed dropped while an independent household survey found no impact on actual employment and wages received; a matching exercise reveals a reduction in fake households on payrolls; and local program officials’ self-reported median personal assets fell.},
}